Hideo Shimizu, a former member of Unit 731, the notorious Japanese germ-warfare detachment during World War II, identified the crimes of the Japanese army on Tuesday at the site where he served 79 years ago in China.

Shimizu arrived by plane in Harbin, Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, on Monday evening and visited the former site of Unit 731's headquarters building, including the office of the unit commander, the specimen room, and the site of the frostbite laboratory, on Tuesday morning, according to the Xinhua News Agency.

Shimizu, 94, was among the last batch of Unit 731 Youth Corps members sent by Japan to Harbin, China, where he spent more than four months witnessing the war crimes committed by the unit, including the cultivation of pathogens, human dissections and human experiments, according to Xinhua. He fled China with retreating Japanese forces on August 14, 1945.

"The war ended 79 years ago, and most members of Unit 731 have passed away. Shimizu is the sole  surviving member who is willing to expose the Unit's crimes publicly, and he is likely to be the last Unit 731 member to return to Harbin," said Jin Chengmin, curator of the exhibition hall, as reported by Xinhua.

Shimizu also said this is his first time out of the country after the war and his first time returning to China. "Instead of worrying about what the Chinese will do to me upon my arrival in China, I'm afraid that those Japanese politicians would prefer to see me dead," he noted, as reported by media.

In 2016, Shimizu revealed his identity as a former Unit 731 member and began to expose the atrocities of the Japanese Imperial Army through public speeches and interviews, aiming to tell historical truths.

After he learnt the true nature of the germ warfare and human experimentation carried out by Unit 731, he deeply regretted having been a part of it, according to an article Shimizu published on People's Daily on Monday.

Upon returning to Japan, members were asked to conceal their experiences serving in Unit 731 and were not allowed to hold government positions or to contact the unit. Therefore, for a long time, Shimizu did not disclose his experience of serving in Unit 731 to anyone, according to the article.

According to the article, as the former Unit 731 Youth Corps member, his superior officer told him that if he wanted to become a "surgeon," he had to dissect at least three corpses. 

"I clearly remember that there were many specimens of infants and children in the specimen room. Over the years, whenever I see my grandchildren, I think of the infant specimens that I saw in the specimen room back then," Shimizu wrote.

 On the eve of Japan's surrender in August 1945, Unit 731 blew up prisons and other facilities, massacred prisoners, and burned their bodies before fleeing China to cover up the evidence of their crimes. Shimizu took part in carrying the bombs and picking up the burnt bones, according to his article.

Shimizu decided to put on public display the only photo he had kept of Unit 731 and the testimony about it. However, the Iida City Board of Education in June 2022 suddenly informed that panels related to Unit 731 could not be displayed in the museum.

According to the article, it also demanded that the term "Nanjing Massacre" be replaced with "Nanjing Incident," which caused strong public resentment. Under extended pressure, the Iida City Board of Education in February 2023 organized a meeting to discuss the Unit 731 panels. However, the conclusion was that "the content on the exhibition panels is too cruel and goes beyond the scope of Japanese school textbooks."

To this day, his testimony has not been used in the museum. The tendency of the Japanese government to deny the fact that Unit 731 carried out biological warfare and to evade its responsibility for the harm caused by the war has become even more obvious, according to the article. The current Japanese government has not only failed to seriously reflect on its past war crimes but has also failed to assume its historical responsibility as a perpetrator of war, read the article.

During World War II, in blatant violation of international law, the Japanese army launched horrendous bacterial warfare against the Chinese people and conducted gruesome human experimentation, which were heinous crimes against humanity. There are solid proofs for the bacterial warfare launched by Japanese militarists and there's no room for denial, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian told Tuesday's press briefing.

We commend the courage of Shimizu who reveal the historical truth and face it squarely. Japan needs to heed the call for justice from both home and abroad, face up to and reflect on its history of militarist aggression, respect the feelings of the people from the Asian victim countries in Asia, including China, draw lessons from history, get rid of the specter of militarism that still haunts it, and never let history repeat itself, said Lin.

Shimizu's actions serve as important evidence of the crimes committed by Japanese military, Lü Yaodong, deputy director of the Institute of Japanese Studies from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times on Tuesday. It is crucial for Japan to face up to the historical truth through the behavior of the veteran.

As right-wing thoughts rise in Japanese society, the Japanese government strengthens its military capabilities, and there is a divergence in understanding historical issues, with some statements attempting to glorify war, Da Zhigang, director of the Institute of Northeast Asian Studies at the Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times.

Given the historical grudges between China and Japan, coupled with Japan's distortion and dilution of its historical responsibilities, the act of the Japanese veteran coming to China to confess their crimes and offer apologies serves as a significant response.

Unit 731 was a top-secret biological and chemical warfare research base established in Harbin as the nerve center for Japanese biological warfare in China and Southeast Asia during World War II.

At least 3,000 victims were used in human experiments by Unit 731, while more than 300,000 people in China were killed by Japan's biological weapons, Xinhua reported.

The German defense minister's interactions with the Philippine president and the Philippine defense chief, along with their discussions over a security agreement, aim to highlight Germany's "influence" in the Asia-Pacific region, and such move also aligns with the US "Indo-Pacific Strategy," underscoring Germany's opportunism, analysts said. While the Philippines has intensified efforts to involve more external countries in the South China Sea issue to counter China, neither the US, Germany, nor any other country would genuinely protect the Philippines, they noted. 

Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. on Monday met with German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius and reinforced the Philippines' ties with Germany. Pistorius has also met with his Philippine counterpart Gilberto Teodoro. The two sides committed to signing a defense cooperation arrangement this year.

The main reason for Germany to strengthen military cooperation with the Philippines is to demonstrate its stance to the US. A key area for the military cooperation between Germany and the Philippines is military equipment and Germany may sell aircraft, missiles, command and control systems, and other military equipment to the Philippines in the future, Zhang Junshe, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times. 

However, many US allies, including Germany, are currently mired in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. "The extent to which they can provide substantial assistance to the Philippines is questionable," said Zhang. 

Germany's efforts to increase its presence in the Asia-Pacific are partly aimed at aligning with the US "Indo-Pacific Strategy." Moreover, Germany hopes to highlight its influence and role in the region, reflecting its opportunistic approach, Zhang said. 

While the Philippines is welcoming cooperation with the US and its allies with the purpose to provoke China on the South China Sea, it should know that neither Germany, the UK, France, Japan, nor the US will truly protect it, Zhang said.

A mountaineer who went missing for nine days and eight nights on Cangshan Mountain in Dali, Southwest China's Yunnan Province, was successfully rescued on July 28, setting a record for the longest search for a missing person on Cangshan Mountain, according to a local government official, as reported by local media on Tuesday.

A participant in the rescue said the local mountaineer was lost on the way down the mountain, and firefighters in Dali in addition to local civilian rescue teams of hundreds of people searched nine days and eventually finding the individual on a cliff, only 200 meters from the rescue team's set point of origin.

According to the rescuer, the person couldn't talk or move when found, but he is now recovering well and is able to walk again.

The mountaineer, a 45-year-old teacher, turned back halfway up the mountain due to physical exhaustion but got lost on the way down because he was unfamiliar with the road conditions, as it was his first time to take the trail, according to a member of the rescue team.

After calling police, firefighters told him to stay in place. However, when the firefighters arrived, they were unable to locate him, and subsequently lost contact with him. The rescuer added that the mountaineer probably attempted to descend down the valley, but lost his signal during descent.

"Nine days and eight nights are indeed very long. There was a person who was lost for about seven days before and managed to find his way out, but the person had brought a lot of food. However, the person who went missing this time only had a thin windbreaker and no food, it is truly a miracle," the rescuer said.

According to media reports, the rescuer speculated that the trapped person, in addition to better physical fitness, is also a biology teacher, who knows more about the local plants, and may have eaten available vegetation to remain conscious and mobile.

Fire officers and rescue teams reminded the public to plan their routes in advance, and to closely follow instructions from emergency personnel in the case they become lost or trapped.

The "emotional entanglement" between Chinese swimmer Pan Zhanle and Australian swimmer Kyle Chalmers during the ongoing Paris Olympics, which began with a misunderstanding but ended in friendship, has captured the attention of Chinese netizens over the past few days.

The story started when Chalmers did not acknowledge Pan's greeting before the men's 100 meters freestyle swimming competition, which Pan interpreted as "deliberate."

In a subsequent media interview, after Pan broke his own world record to win gold in the men's 100 meters freestyle, he expressed disappointment that Chalmers did not respond to his attempt at friendliness. Pan also remarked that some foreign swimmers lacked respect for Chinese athletes and coaching staff.

Pan's comments quickly went viral on Chinese social media, leading many netizens to criticize Chalmers for his perceived bad manners and arrogance.

Chalmers later clarified that he had not seen Pan's greeting and reached out to him personally afterward. He also sent a private apology to Pan, who responded positively by exchanging swim caps with Chalmers.

Chalmers shared photos on social media of the exchanged swim caps, including Pan's, and their handshake. They also exchanged contact information, and Pan said he is looking forward to showing Chalmers around Shanghai, the first stop of the World Aquatics Swimming World Cup 2024 in October.

A worker harvests fresh mushrooms at a smart biotech vegetable plantation in Xuzhou, East China's Jiangsu Province, on August 6, 2024. The plantation, funded by Jiangsu Hongsheng Biotechnology Co, features an intelligent temperature-controlled factory and processing workshop spanning 310,000 square meters. It yields 100,000 tons of edible mushrooms and fungi annually and supports operations from production to deep processing, creating 1,500 jobs. Photo: VCG

Editor's Note:

"I lost my son, essentially," American tech mogul Elon Musk said in an interview on July 22. He said in the interview that he was "tricked" into agreeing to trans-related medical treatment. The changes in his son led Musk to despise the "woke culture." Many right-wing individuals and Republicans in America share Musk's views on the so-called "woke culture," but for many left-wing individuals and Democrats, "woke culture" is seen as a progressive ideology. "Woke culture" has evolved into a cultural conflict surrounding identity politics in America, and this ideology has also spread to Europe, stirring up the political and social landscape.
Obscure definitions

In recent years, Musk has been heavily critical of "woke culture," describing it as a threat to modern civilization and even stating that his previous acquisition of Twitter, now X, was to combat it. However, when asked to define what "woke culture" is, this tech giant's description was not accurate.

At a conservative breakfast meeting in Iowa on June 1, 2023, former US president Donald Trump stated, "I don't like the term 'woke' because I hear, 'Woke, woke, woke.' It's just a term they use, half the people can't even define it, they don't know what it is."

The Australian news website The Conversation commented that Trump's words "inadvertently highlighted the confounding and contradictory nature of American politics today."

"The term 'woke' can be either an insult or a marker of pride - it can shift depending on the context," said the article.

According to the Spanish newspaper El País, the term "woke" has been used for years to "describe those who are sensitive and involved in the struggle against social injustice, especially in US politics, but also in the politics of other countries following suit perhaps to a lesser degree."

"Woke was a label proudly worn by activists in pursuit of social and climate justice: From Black Lives Matter (BLM) to the #MeToo movement, and the fight against global warming. Woke seemed to advocate a new era of equality and justice," read the article.

It's been reported that many media and political figures have claimed that the "woke culture" is only about justice and decency. It showed that the country acknowledged the cruelty of its past and recognized that its past still shapes this country's present.

However, according to ABC News, "woke" is used as a derogatory term by some Republicans to refer to identity-based social justice issues pushed by some Democrats and progressives.

USA Today quoted a Florida Governor Ron DeSantis spokesperson who called "woke" a slang term for "progressive activism" and a "general belief in systemic injustices in the country."

Manhattan Institute scholar Zach Goldberg believes that "woke" signifies more than just "left-wing radicalism" and essentially involves believing that differences in outcomes between groups - whether based on race, "genders," or sexes - are largely a product of oppressive societal forces and structures, read the USA Today article.

In fact, the term "woke" was originally created by progressive African Americans and was used in the early to mid-20th century in the racial justice movement. According to the website of the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, stay woke "became a watchword in parts of the black community for those who were self-aware, questioning the dominant paradigm and striving for something better."

The Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, an American popular record company, includes the protest song "Scottsboro Boys" sung by Lead Belly in the 1930s, in which the term "stay woke" is often considered to be the earliest source of the word. The "Scottsboro Boys" refers to nine black teenagers who were falsely accused, in 1931, of raping two white women in Alabama, and later eight of them were hastily sentenced to death. The case is one of the most famous civil rights cases in American history. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, the term "woke" became more widely used in 2014 as part of the BLM.

"The term 'woke' has become so divisive that it is harming support for the issue it is meant to be highlighting," according to Al Jazeera. "The broad use of the term has caused it to become heavily weaponized by both the left and the right, turning what was once a welcoming creed into a toxic and divisive word, particularly in Western countries including the US, Canada, the UK, and other European nations," it said.

A New York University student told the Global Times that today's "woke culture" has gone too far, with "woke" individuals always tending to label those who disagree with them as "conservatives" or "Trump supporters," and sometimes things that were acceptable to say the year before suddenly become "offensive" at the present time. Jason, an engineer living in New Jersey, believes that the so-called "woke culture" is a pseudo-concept created by American interest groups to incite division among the public in order to ensure their continued control over American society.

According to USA Today, Democrats seem to view this term as a badge of honor, while Republicans see it as something that must be stopped. The struggle over "woke culture" in the US has spread to various fields.

US right-wing vs 'woke capitalism'

Due to resistance from conservatives against "woke culture," the US has witnessed the emergence of an "anti-woke culture" movement, with Governor DeSantis as one of its leaders.

According to ABC, DeSantis enacted the "Parental Rights in Education" bill and the "Stop WOKE Act" in Florida, implementing policies that limit classroom discussions on race, oppression, gender, and sexual orientation. The state government also banned funding for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) programs on public university campuses and rejected the introduction of an Advanced Placement African American Studies course in state high schools.

Notably, the battle over "woke culture" in education is not confined to Florida. In 2023, more than 20 states across the US considered or approved new laws targeting DEI programs.

The term "woke capitalism" was coined by conservative columnist Ross Douthat in a 2018 New York Times article, defining it as corporations supporting progressive causes to maintain their societal influence. Some view the practice of casting black actors in traditionally white roles in films as an example of "woke capitalism."

LGBTQ+ rights have also become another "battleground" in US bipartisan conflicts. According to PBS in March 2023, since beginning his campaign, Trump has targeted LGBTQ+ communities, stating that if elected, he would sign executive orders to cut federal funding to schools promoting Critical Race Theory, transgender mental disorders, and other "inappropriate racial, sexual, or political content" to American teenagers.

In contrast, President Biden and Democrats, as reported by AFP, have signed multiple executive orders supporting LGBTQ+ rights. On June 15, 2022, Biden, along with Vice President Kamala Harris and other Democratic leaders, met with LGBTQ+ representatives at the White House to show solidarity.

Wang Yufan, a scholar at the Department of American Studies at the China Institute of International Studies, told the Global Times that the popularity of "woke culture" and identity politics in the US is related to its economic inequality.

She explained that growing income inequality, with wealth concentrated among a few rich individuals, has increased economic pressure on the middle and low-income classes, who are more likely to support "woke culture" emphasizing fairness and justice. Identity politics has also become a crucial means for them to express themselves and strive for economic equality.

The Guardian noted that in the US, various groups, including whites, blacks, Latinos, and Asians, men and women, all feel attacked, bullied, persecuted, and discriminated against. Coupled with record inequality levels, identity politics is evident on both ends of the US political spectrum.

Wang believes that on one hand, "woke culture" and identity politics have raised public awareness of issues such as racial and gender discrimination, promoting social discussion and resolution, and playing a positive role in advancing social equality and inclusion.

On the other hand, "woke culture" has become a form of political correctness, being oversimplified and symbolized, leading to overcorrections. Additionally, the left's "woke culture" has faced backlash from right-wing conservatives, leading to more severe social divisions. The cultural wars between the two parties over "woke" and "anti-woke" have intensified political polarization, creating a vicious cycle.

Spreading across ocean

The concept and actions of "woke culture" born in the US have crossed the Atlantic, sparking an "anti-woke culture" movement in Europe.

According to an Independent report in December 2021, six months prior, most French people would have mistaken the term "woke" for the "wok" used in cooking, but by the end of 2021, the concept of "woke" had taken France by storm.

The French media reported that this term, originating from the American black rights movement, had not entered the French public's consciousness until 2021, when it appeared multiple times in political debates. For example, Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo publicly stated that she would not base her campaign on "woke culture."

Many Western media outlets and politicians are highly wary of "woke culture." For instance, a 2021 article by Euronews argued that the ideology behind "woke culture" and "cancel culture" endangers European democracy. Al Jazeera also warned that "woke culture" can sometimes stifle meaningful causes. Additionally, many people have been "canceled" simply for expressing views differing from "woke culture."

Wang noted that similar to the US, the impact of "woke culture" in Europe is complex and diverse. On one hand, it has increased attention to racial equality and social justice in European countries.

On the other hand, it has also caused social divisions. "Woke culture" has led European societies to reckon with colonial histories and overemphasize identity, exacerbating group conflicts and social estrangement, causing a backlash from far-right forces, and promoting the rise of far-right parties in Europe.

Recently, the US deployed the Typhon Mid-range Capability (MRC) missile system in the Philippines, and announced its decision to deploy land-based intermediate-range missile in Europe. This marks a substantial step forward taken by the US on deployment of land-based intermediate-range missiles since its withdrawal from the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty in 2019. This move shows that the US takes its own interests as the only consideration, reneges on its security commitments to allies and incites them to stand on the front line of containing China, which further undermines global and regional stability.

The INF Treaty was signed by the US and the Soviet Union at the end of the Cold War, aiming to eliminate and destroy their nuclear and conventional land-based intermediate-range ballistic missiles, cruise missiles and missile launchers with a range of 500 to 5,500 kilometers. Although it's a bilateral treaty between the US and Russia (the Soviet Union), the INF Treaty has played an important role in upholding nuclear strategic stability worldwide, especially in Europe. For the first time in the history of international arms control, the Treaty banned an entire category of weapons capable of carrying nuclear warheads and significantly raised the threshold for nuclear war, thereby playing a crucial role in preventing the outbreak of nuclear war and maintaining strategic stability and security in Europe. The Treaty underscores the special and important responsibility of the US and Russia, as nuclear superpowers, in maintaining nuclear strategic stability. Furthermore, it reflects the US' important security commitment to its European allies, namely to reduce nuclear strategic risks and safeguard European stability.

As early as in 2014, a number of American think tanks, including RAND Corporation, advocated the deployment of US' land-based intermediate-range missiles in the Asia-Pacific for the purpose of military containment of China, and called on the US authorities to weigh the security costs of compliance with the INF Treaty, as well as the military benefits and diplomatic costs of withdrawing from the treaty, and to make a "prudent decision." Subsequently, the US media began to hype up the alleged Russian INF violation until the Trump administration formally decided to withdraw from the Treaty.

From a military perspective, the current land-based intermediate-range missile capabilities of the US are primarily Tomahawk subsonic cruise missiles and similar models, which have long been deployed in large numbers on sea-based and air-based launch platforms. Therefore, the additional military gains of the land-based versions are relatively limited. The US' decision to deploy land-based intermediate-range missiles in the Asia-Pacific and Europe is mainly driven by the interests of the US Army. In the first decade of the 21st century, the US shifted its military strategic focus to inland counter-terrorism, and the Army gained huge benefits. Over time, as the US put forward strategies and operational concepts such as "return to the Asia-Pacific" and "air-sea integrated warfare," the Army found itself facing the risk of being marginalized in the so-called great-power competition. The US Army, reluctant to assume a diminished role in the military layout of deterring China, then vigorously advocates the "China threat" theory and calls for the deployment of land-based intermediate-range missiles in the Asia-Pacific.

Despite the limited military benefits, the US is still stepping up the modification of its launch systems and promoting the deployment of land-based intermediate-range missiles in the Asia-Pacific, which further reflects US' sinister intention to pull its allies to the front line of containing China. Since the US advocated a return to great-power competition and identified China as its primary strategic adversary, it has viewed the alliance system as a crucial asset to win the competition against China. But its allies in the Asia-Pacific generally maintain close economic ties with China and are wary of fully alliance with the US in its efforts to contain China. For the US, the deployment of land-based intermediate-range missiles is a "key point on the chessboard" that could undermine mutual political trust and diplomatic relations between its Asian allies and China. The places where the US intends to deploy its land-based intermediate-range missiles are several fulcrum points geographically adjacent to China. The relevant countries are justified in strengthening their own defense forces, but the deployment of strategic offensive medium- and long-range missiles, which goes beyond their own military necessity, would be a different story. The only value of weapons of this kind is to serve the US military containment of China and even military strikes against China. China will not sit idly by and ignore such behavior. Therefore, with the US making a big fuss about the deployment of these missiles, and violating the basic principles of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime by engaging in "AUKUS" nuclear submarine cooperation, its strategic purpose is to encourage these allies to stand onto the stage and to turn against China, contributing to US' containment of China.

From the perspective of crisis management, the deployment of land-based intermediate-range missiles by the US would also be an important factor in the escalation of conflicts. On one hand, if these missiles are deployed within its fixed Asia-Pacific military bases, their wartime viability is very fragile. In the early stages of a conflict, US commanders would face the "use it or lose it" dilemma. This kind of decision-making dilemma must be avoided. On the other hand, if the US adopts a mobile launching mode, the launchers are bound to drive out of the base and made a large range of maneuvers in the host country, thus greatly increasing the scope of a potential crisis or conflict. In addition, the forward deployment of strategically offensive weapons by a nuclear state on the "doorstep" of another nuclear state will seriously undermine basic mutual security confidence, exacerbate strategic mistrust between the two sides, and is not conducive to crisis management. The Biden administration stated in the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review that the US is willing to strengthen dialogue with China on strategic risk reduction and crisis management. If the US is truly interested in reducing strategic risks, a good place to start is abandoning the deployment of land-based intermediate-range missiles in other countries.

In short, as the most powerful nuclear and military power, the US bears a special responsibility for international security. In recent years, the US pursued supremacy and acted selfishly based on its likes and dislikes, and challenged the authority of the international security mechanism arbitrarily. It has withdrawn from the INF Treaty and the Open Skies Treaty successively, blocked the negotiation of a verification protocol to the Biological Weapons Convention, and opposed the draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects proposed by China and Russia. The US has also undermined the basic spirit of international nuclear non-proliferation by carrying out AUKUS submarine cooperation. And there are many other bad records. At the same time, the US coerces a few of its allies to build a so-called "rules-based" new security order, in defiance of UN treaties and mechanisms.

As Ambassador Fu Cong, Permanent Representative of China to the UN, recently pointed out: "the so-called 'rules-based international order' advocated by some countries is really intended to create another system outside the existing system of international law and to seek legitimacy for double standards and exceptionalism. There is only one order in the world, that is the international order based on international law. There is only one set of rules, and they are the basic norms governing international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter." Amid the profound changes unseen in the world in a century, all countries, major powers in particular, must abandon double standards and the Cold War mentality, uphold the vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and work together in good faith under the international order with the UN at its center, so as to join hands to open up a peaceful and stable future for humanity.

Since the start of the flood season, major rivers across China have experienced 25 numbered flood events, the highest number since data was first recorded in 1998, making the flood prevention situation sever and complex.

Climate in China this year has deviated from the norm, with many heavy rainfall events, leading to frequent and often accelerated flooding of major rivers and waterways, the Chinese Ministry of Water Resources concluded in a summary issued on Wednesday

According to the ministry, China's major rivers and lakes can flag "numbered floods" when water levels reach a warning level or register a flood of "once in two to five years" magnitude.

On Thursday, the China Meteorological Administration told a press conference that the country will focus on four extreme weather events - rainstorms, typhoons, high temperatures and drought.

The administration predicts that in the next 10 days, the overall weather situation in China will be frequent precipitation in the north and continuous high temperature in the south.

In July, the national average temperature was 23.2 C, which was 1 C higher than the same period in previous years, making it the highest on record since 1961. A total of 59 national-level meteorological stations recorded daily maximum temperatures breaking or equaling historical records, the administration disclosed.

In terms of precipitation, the national average was 129.3 millimeters, which was 13.3 percent higher than usual for the same period, with 30 national-level meteorological stations recording precipitation exceeding historical records. 

Precipitation levels in the Huaihe River, the Liaohe River, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Haihe River basins were all above average, with the Huaihe River and the Liaohe River basins experiencing precipitation levels double that of normal levels.

August still sits within a critical period of flood control, the risk of rainstorm and flood disasters is high in Northeast China, North China, South China and Southwest China, and flood situations may occur in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Haihe River basin and the Songliao River basin, the administration said.

It is forecast that during August, two to three typhoons are expected to make landfall in China, mainly affecting the coastal areas of South and East China, and there may be northbound typhoons affecting the northern parts of China, according to the press conference.

In response to this year's flood season, on Wednesday the national flood control and drought relief headquarters and the Ministry of Emergency Management held video conferences with 14 provinces and regions including Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Liaoning analyzing the development trend of rainfall and flood situations, and deploying flood control and disaster relief work in key areas.

On the same day, a Level IV emergency response for flood control was activated in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang, a Level III emergency response for Liaoning and Jilin was maintained, also a Level IV emergency response for flood control in Hunan, Hubei, and Yunnan was maintained.

Across the country, the Chinese Ministry of Water Resources has updated flood forecasts on 45,110 occasions, issuing river flood warnings 3,683 times to flood control workers and the public, and issued 81 mountain flood disaster meteorological warnings in collaboration with the China Meteorological Administration. 

Since the start of the flood season, 4,669 large and medium-sized reservoirs nationwide have been put into operation, collectively storing and diverting 99.3 billion cubic meters of floodwater, reducing flooding in 1,450 urban areas, protecting 1.109 million acres of farmland, and avoiding the relocation of 6.53 million people. 

Central China's Hunan Province is one area that has been hit hardest during the flood season. 

As of 7 am on Thursday, heavy rainfall had affected over 1.2 million residents in Hunan, Xinhua News Agency reported.

The provincial flood control and drought relief headquarters said on Thursday that the area of damaged crops caused by Typhoon Gaemi has reached 127,000 hectares, and 96,500 people have been safely relocated.

As of Thursday noon, the roads, electricity and communications in the eight townships in Zixing most affected by the typhoon have been restored, while search and rescue efforts have made phased progress. A total of 30 people were killed and 35 people went missing during the disaster. 

As of Wednesday, the provincial aviation emergency rescue center deployed four helicopters to participate in rescue operations in Zixing city, one of the areas severely affected by the rainfall. A total of 258 flights have been completed, transporting approximately 73 tons of essential supplies and transferring 92 injured individuals and pregnant women.

Chinese experts called for strengthening the monitoring capabilities on rainfall and flood. 

With the global climate change, extreme weather events are increasing, which increases the difficulty of forecasting. Therefore, this requires us to enhance monitoring capabilities and strengthen forecasting and early-warning abilities accordingly, Ma Jun, director of the Beijing-based Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs, told the Global Times on Thursday.

Additionally, due to the increasing trend of extreme weather events brought about by climate change, we need to re-examine some of the previous planning efforts appropriately, incorporating climate change factors into consideration, Ma said. 

"We cannot solely rely on existing rules, but rather need to consider more extreme weather factors. This may involve adjusting some standards, setting some flood prevention design standards higher," Ma suggested.

China and Russia on Thursday held their eighth joint aerial strategic patrol that saw bombers of the two countries flying over the Bering Sea for the first time, also marking the farthest place Chinese bombers have reached in a strategic patrol mission, experts said.

According to an annual cooperation plan between the Chinese and Russian militaries, the two sides organized a joint aerial strategic patrol over the Bering Sea on Thursday, Senior Colonel Zhang Xiaogang, a spokesperson from China's Ministry of National Defense, confirmed with the Global Times at a regular press conference on Thursday.

This is the eighth joint aerial strategic patrol between the two militaries since 2019, which further tested and enhanced the two air forces' interoperability, and deepened the two countries' strategic mutual trust and pragmatic cooperation, Zhang Xiaogang said.

The operation does not target any third party, conforms to international law and practices, and is not related to current international and regional situations, the spokesperson said, when asked if the joint patrol was a response to the Pentagon's recently released 2024 Arctic Strategy that hyped China-Russia cooperation in the Arctic.

Zhang Xiaogang's remarks came after the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) said it detected two Russian Tu-95 and two Chinese H-6 bombers operating in the Alaska Air Defense Identification Zone on Wednesday local time, but remained in international airspace and did not enter US or Canadian sovereign airspace, according to US media reports.

This is the first time a China-Russia joint aerial strategic patrol has featured a patrol over the Bering Sea. Previous patrols have covered regions including the Sea of Japan, the East China Sea and the West Pacific.

Zhang Xuefeng, a Chinese military expert, told the Global Times on Thursday that the latest China-Russia joint aerial strategic patrol marked the first time Chinese bombers have reached an area near Alaska, and also the farthest place Chinese bombers have reached in a strategic patrol mission.

Through constant upgrades, China's H-6 bombers have achieved significant capability boosts. They can now carry long-range missiles that can launch strikes against land and maritime targets out of hostile interception range, Zhang Xuefeng said.

In a joint aerial strategic patrol in November 2022, Chinese aircraft landed in Russia and Russian aircraft landed in China.

Citing this previous experience, Zhang Xuefeng assessed that in the latest mission, the Chinese bombers likely took off from Russian territory, which is closer to North Pacific waters. He said that Chinese and Russian air force task forces have reached a high level of interoperability in terms of command, coordination, communications and logistics support.

Before the bombers' patrol, Chinese warships have cruised in the North Pacific, according to both Chinese and US official releases.

In a recent event, the US Coast Guard said that it came across four Chinese military ships in international waters in the Bering Sea north of the Amchitka Pass in the Aleutian Islands, the AP reported on July 12.

In response, Zhang Xiaogang, the Chinese Defense Ministry spokesperson, told the Global Times on Thursday that the Chinese warships recently carried out regular training activities aimed at boosting and testing combat capabilities without targeting any country.

Chinese warplanes' and warships' operations conformed to international law and practices, as they did not enter US sovereign airspace or territorial waters, another Chinese military expert, who requested anonymity, told the Global Times on Thursday.

If the US feels uncomfortable seeing a Chinese military presence on its doorstep, it should get used to it, or reflect on its own military presence on China's doorstep, which poses much greater security concerns to China, the expert said.

The China-Russia joint aerial strategic patrol closely followed a joint naval patrol that stretched from northern Pacific waters to the South China Sea and a joint naval exercise in waters off China's southern coast earlier this month, with experts highlighting the growing China-Russia military cooperation and its contribution to peace and stability through providing global strategic balance.

Editor's Note:

Chinese President Xi Jinping left Beijing on Sunday morning for state visits to France, Serbia and Hungary at the invitation of President Emmanuel Macron of the Republic of France, President Aleksandar Vucic of the Republic of Serbia, and President Tamás Sulyok and Prime Minister Viktor Orbán of Hungary. Ahead of his visit to France, Global Times reporters Chen Qingqing and Bai Yunyi (GT) interviewed former French prime minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin (Raffarin), talking about the significance of the state visit for China-France relations, reviewing the future development of bilateral ties, and discussing the role of China-France relations in China-EU relations.
GT: This year marks the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and France. Could you share some important historical moments and achievements from these 60 years of China-France relations?

Raffarin: First of all, General de Gaulle's decision to establish diplomatic relations with China in 1964 is itself historic. France's support for the Chinese authorities in their fight against the SARS pandemic in 2003 was a major act, as were the opening of the Airbus factory in North China's Tianjin and the commissioning of the first Franco-Chinese nuclear reactor in South China's Guangdong Province. I am also very struck by the beauty of the Beijing Opera House designed by French architect Paul Andreu. There have been many joint creations across numerous fields. In 60 years, I have made more than 100 trips to China; 100 opportunities for very fruitful sharing.

GT: Over the last 60 years, what have been the changes and constants in China-France relations?

Raffarin: The constant is France's desire for independence in its policy with China. The change has been the development of the European Union, which has made diplomatic work more complex. All French presidents have followed, in relation to China, Charles de Gaulle's major orientations: Respect for civilizations, frank discussions, and co-responsibility for the future.

GT: In your opinion, what is the core element that has allowed these relations to withstand tests and continue to progress?

Raffarin: The central core is the mutual cultural appetite.

Analyzing the differences in our two civilizations is particularly fruitful as demonstrated by the philosopher François Jullien.

Culture is the heart of our relationship. The joint curiosity has been intact for centuries. This is the source of the respect that allows us to live with deep differences.

GT: How do you assess the current relations between China and France? Given the challenges of globalization and changes in the international political and economic situation, in which areas can China and France strengthen cooperation?

Raffarin: France has stable relations with China unlike many other countries, including in Europe. Chinese President Xi Jinping and French President Emmanuel Macron are two leading figures who know each other very well. They have spent hours and hours in discussion together.

The priority of our future relations, in my opinion, is building peace. In the short term, it is to act together for peace in Ukraine. In the medium term, it is to build a new multilateralism capable of allowing peace and development on our common planet.

GT: In your opinion, what role does China-France relations play within the framework of China-Europe relations? How will Europe's position in Chinese foreign policy evolve?

Raffarin: France's role in Europe is very active. We defend our ideas vigorously in all European forums. Our vision for Europe's strategic independence is gaining ground.

We are allies of the US, but do not want to be aligned with their interests. Donald Trump's place in the American debate convinced many European leaders that it is urgent to promote our sovereignty.

I think that the China-France dialogue is the best way to bring about peaceful solutions.

GT: 2024 is the year of China-France culture and tourism, as well as the Olympic year for France. Could you present the plans for cultural cooperation and exchanges between China and France for this year?

Raffarin: Many public and private initiatives will mark this year. For example, the exhibition on Versailles and the Forbidden City are particularly creative. A cultural forum bringing together Chinese and French artists will take place in November in Deauville. France will be the guest of honor at the Shanghai Expo. And more than 100 initiatives are already being programmed.

Cultural exchanges are the best medium for fostering mutual understanding and reciprocal respect.

GT: What role do cultural and human exchanges play in China-France relations?

Raffarin: We will prioritize student exchanges because they are the best vectors for promoting joint projects and creating deep and authentic ties between the two countries.

GT: In the fields of emerging technologies, sustainable development, and green energy, how can China and France seek new opportunities for cooperation?

Raffarin: I think we need to work together on the theme that is very popular among young Chinese and French people, which I call "the Planetization of politics."

Only recently has the Planet become a political object. There is a shared conviction among the world's youth: We must protect the Planet to protect Humanity.

Global governance needs consensus to progress. It is around this theme that it should be possible to invent a new multilateralism that will correct the current multilateralism's impotence.

GT: Given the current uncertainty of the international commercial environment, what are the challenges and opportunities facing China-France economic cooperation? How do you view 2023's debates in Europe on "de-risking" and this year's on "over capacity" in China?

Raffarin: We must understand our differences to avoid misunderstandings. There is a real consensus in Europe that public money should be used to help Europeans, for example, buy electric vehicles. But these subsidies are not intended to assist the production of foreign industries.

Since the WTO is currently partially blocked, trade regulation should proceed through bilateral agreements. The only real way to cooperate sustainably is to balance concessions.

GT: What are your expectations regarding the visit of the Chinese top leader to France?

Raffarin: Peace in Europe. Let's remain faithful to the spirit of General de Gaulle when, 60 years ago, he decided to establish diplomatic relations with China. The differences were probably greater than now, but the central idea was that our destinies are linked and thus the path of cooperation is more fruitful than confrontation. For this, direct and frank dialogue, understanding of each other's interests and values, and respect for sovereignty are necessary.